Translation and validation of the Malay version of modified orthotics and prosthetics users’ survey

Background: An excellent validated and reliable instrument is paramount in holistically evaluating the prosthetic and orthotic (P&O) service, encompassing functional outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction with devices and service. Objective: To perform a translation and cross-cultural adaptation of 3 modules of the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS): (1) lower-extremity functional status (LEFS), (2) client satisfaction with device and services (CSDS), and (3) HRQoL in Malay language, and analyze its psychometric properties. Study Design: Translation and validation study. Methods: This translation process consisted of 4 phases: (1) a forward–backward translation, (2) content and face validity by utilizing content and face validity indices, (3) pilot testing and psychometric analysis using exploratory factor analysis, and (4) test–retest reliability. Results: One item from OPUS Health Quality of Life Index-Malay pilot version, 5 items from OPUS LEFS-Malay pilot version, and 4 items of OPUS Satisfaction with Device and Services-Malay pilot version were deleted because of poor factor loading of <0.6. The final version of Modified OPUS HRQoL-M, Modified OPUS LEFS-M, and Modified OPUS CSDS-M consisted of 22 items, 15 items, and 17 items, respectively. The final versions of all 3 Modified OPUS Malay version possess good internal consistency of 0.854, 0.927, and 0.98, and intraclass correlation of 0.773, 0.871, and 0.821, respectively. Conclusion: Modified OPUS HRQoL-M, Modified OPUS LEFS-M, and Modified OPUS CSDS-M are valid and reliable instruments to be adopted into the local Malaysia population.