Risk Assessment of Ground Subsidence in Foshan (China) Based on the Integration of SBAS-InSAR Observations and Inducing Factors

In recent years, the rapid development of the construction economy in Foshan City has led to increasingly apparent geological phenomena of ground subsidence, causing damage to buildings and infrastructures, lowering groundwater level, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. These issues have severely constrained the economic development of Foshan City. This paper utilized SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor ground deformation in Foshan City over the 2017–2022 period and identified 214 potential subsidence hazards. Additionally, integrating extensive surface deformation data from a long time series establishes a risk assessment index system for ground subsidence, primarily driven by construction activities. Further, the mechanism of the ground subsidence was analyzed systematically. Meanwhile, introducing the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) to assess the risk of Foshan City, the results showed that the proportion of area from high-risk to low-risk zones is 8.55%, 8.64%, 11.79%, 22.38% and 48.64%, respectively. Moreover, this paper proposed corresponding measures to prevent and control ground subsidence. The evaluation results can provide a scientific reference for future geological disaster prevention and management in Foshan City.