Substitutes for Pangolin Parts in Traditional Medicine: An Approach to Pangolin Conservation in Ghana

Pangolins, as ecologically important and culturally valued species, face increasing threats from hunting and trade due to their medicinal significance in traditional healing practices. Despite the existing of laws and regulations for their protection, their body parts continue to be used to treat several ailments in Ghana, contributing to their population decline and biodiversity loss. This study explores substitutes for pangolin body parts in traditional medicine in Ghana, aiming to reduce their exploitation and promoting conservation. Using a qualitative case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 traditional healers across four regions in Ghana. Data was analyzed thematically using NVivo 14, supplemented by document reviews that identified treatment substitutes for pangolin parts. Findings revealed that pangolin body parts are used to treat about 27 ailments. Looking for substitutes, a review of relevant literature identified 22 herbs that could serve as substitutes for pangolin body parts in traditional medicine. The policy recommendations of the study include promoting herbal medicines, educating traditional healers, and integrating herbal medicine into the National Health Insurance Scheme. The overall benefit will include sustainable traditional healing practices and biodiversity conservation while reducing dependence on endangered species, such as the pangolin.