P190 Identification of clinical risk factors for postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease: a prospective, multicenter cohort study

Abstract Background Further refinement of clinical risk stratification for postoperative endoscopic recurrence in patients with Crohn’s disease is required to identify patients who will benefit from prophylactic therapy. Therefore, we aimed to assess risk factors for endoscopic recurrence in a large prospective, multicenter cohort study. Methods CD patients (≥16 years) scheduled for ileocolic (re-)resection (ICR) and those who underwent an ileocolonoscopy at 6 months following ICR were included. Primary outcome of the study was endoscopic recurrence (modified Rutgeerts’ score ≥ i2b at 6 months). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify clinical risk factors. The model included a random effect for the study center to correct for potential correlation between treating center and the outcome. Results In total, 298 patients underwent ICR (79.2% primary ICR, 20.8% re-resection) after a median disease duration of 5.3 years (IQR 1.0 – 12.4). 60.4% of patients were female with a median age at surgery of 34.1 years (IQR 25.7 – 50.5). 67.8% of the patients were exposed to ≥1 biological prior to surgery. Postoperative prophylactic medication (<12 weeks to ICR) was initiated in 85/298 (28.5%) patients; 24.7% immunomodulator, 29.4% anti-TNF, 27.1% combination therapy [immunomodulator with anti-TNF agent], 4.7% vedolizumab, 14.1% ustekinumab. Mean time to postoperative ileocolonoscopy was 6.2 months (SD 1.3). Endoscopic recurrence was diagnosed in 37.9% of the patients. Multivariable logistic regression identified active smoking (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.12; 95% CI 1.63 – 5.98) and penetrating disease behaviour (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.04 – 3.57) as risk factors for endoscopic recurrence, whilst ileocolic disease (versus ileal disease; aOR 0.27; 95% CI 0.15 – 0.49) and postoperative prophylactic medication (aOR 0.24; 95% CI 0.12 – 0.47) were identified as protective factors for endoscopic recurrence (Table 1). Conclusion Active smoking and penetrating disease behaviour at time of surgery were identified as risk factors for early postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease. Reversely, ileocolic disease at time of surgery and initiation of postoperative prophylactic medication were identified as protective factors for early endoscopic recurrence. Young age at surgery, perianal disease and a prior intestinal resection, included as risk factors in the current international guidelines, were not associated with early endoscopic postoperative recurrence in this large prospective cohort study.