Impact of Bonny–Bodo Road Opening and Socio-Economic Livelihood of Boat Operators in Bonny Island, Rivers State

Transportation infrastructure plays a critical role in improving accessibility, enhancing mobility, and stimulating economic development. However, the introduction of new transportation systems can also disrupt existing transport markets and affect the livelihoods of individuals who depend on traditional modes of transportation. This study examines the impact of the Bonny Road opening on the socio-economic livelihood of boat operators in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria. Historically, water transportation served as the primary means of movement between Bonny Island and mainland communities such as Port Harcourt due to the absence of road connectivity. As a result, boat operators relied heavily on passenger and cargo transportation for income generation and employment. The study employed a survey research design using structured questionnaires administered to registered boat operators in Bonny Island. A sample size of 205 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane sampling formula. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and paired sample t-test. Graphical trend analysis was also used to illustrate changes in income and operational activities before and after the opening of the Bonny Road. The findings reveal that the opening of the Bonny Road has significantly affected the livelihood of boat operators. The results show that the average monthly income of boat operators declined from approximately ₦179,000 before the road opening to about ₦122,000 afterward, while the average number of trips reduced from about 18 trips to 10 trips per week. Hypothesis testing further confirmed that the road development has a statistically significant effect on both income and operational frequency of boat operators. The study concludes that although the Bonny Road project improves regional connectivity and economic integration, it has negatively affected the economic sustainability of boat operators. The study recommends the introduction of alternative livelihood support programs, modernization of water transport services, and inclusive transport policies to mitigate the socio-economic impact on affected operators.