POSTURAL PROFILES AND FOOT ALIGNMENT IN YOUNG RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS: A QUANTITATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Proper postural development and physical symmetry are critical in rhythmic gymnastics, particularly during growth phases. The aim of the study was to analyze postural alignment, dominant leg usage, flexibility, spinal curvature, and foot structure in a sample of young gymnasts. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on rhythmic gymnasts from various clubs, using standardized assessments. The evaluation included sagittal spine profile classification, measurements of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles using an inclinometer, a frontal balance assessment of the trunk, an angle of trunk rotation measurement with a scoliometer, determination of the dominant leg (jump, pirouette, balance), and assessment of musculoskeletal complaints. Foot posture and Achilles tendon shortening were also analyzed. Results: A total of 83 rhythmic gymnasts were examined, with a mean age of 11.9 ± 1.4 years and an average training experience of 6.0 ± 2.1 years. The most commonly reported complaints included lower back pain (27.7%), knee joint pain (27.7%), hip joint discomfort (13.2%), and thigh muscle strains (12.1%). A significant proportion of the gymnasts (89.2%) demonstrated symmetrical movement patterns. Most gymnasts demonstrated a normal sagittal spine profile (43.37%), followed by lordotic (30.12%) and flat back types (25.3%). The average thoracic kyphosis angle was 24.37±8.02°, while lumbar lordosis averaged 36.17±8.54°, both within acceptable ranges. Foot posture analysis revealed a prevalence of normal arches at 83% and low arches at 17%, without flatfoot. Minimal Achilles tendon shortening was reported (grade 2-3) for 17%. Dominance patterns revealed a consistent preference for the right leg across skills. Gymnasts reporting back or hip discomfort were more likely to show asymmetry or deviations in postural balance. Conclusion: Rhythmic gymnasts display postural adaptations aligned with sport-specific demands, though early identification of deviations is essential. Monitoring spine curvature and balance symmetry may help prevent long-term injuries and optimize performance. These findings support the integration of individualized corrective programs in youth gymnastics training.