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Decomposition techniques for computational limit analysis

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Limit analysis is relevant in many practical engineering areas such as the design of mechanical structure or the analysis of soil mechanics. The theory of limit analysis assumes a rigid, perfectly-plastic material to model the collapse of a solid that is subjected to a static load distribution. Within this context, the problem of limit analysis is to consider a continuum that is subjected to a fixed force distribution consisting of both volume and surfaces loads. Then the objective is to obtain the maximum multiple of this force distribution that causes the collapse of the body. This multiple is usually called collapse multiplier. This collapse multiplier can be obtained analytically by solving an infinite dimensional nonlinear optimisation problem. Thus the computation of the multiplier requires two steps, the first step is to discretise its corresponding analytical problem by the introduction of finite dimensional spaces and the second step is to solve a nonlinear optimisation problem, which represents the major difficulty and challenge in the numerical solution process. Solving this optimisation problem, which may become very large and computationally expensive in three dimensional problems, is the second important step. Recent techniques have allowed scientists to determine upper and lower bounds of the load factor under which the structure will collapse. Despite the attractiveness of these results, their application to practical examples is still hampered by the size of the resulting optimisation process. Thus a remedy to this is the use of decomposition methods and to parallelise the corresponding optimisation problem. The aim of this work is to present a decomposition technique which can reduce the memory requirements and computational cost of this type of problems. For this purpose, we exploit the important feature of the underlying optimisation problem: the objective function contains one scaler variable. The main contributes of the thesis are, rewriting the constraints of the problem as the intersection of appropriate sets, and proposing efficient algorithmic strategies to iteratively solve the decomposition algorithm. El análisis en estados límite es una herramienta relente en muchas aplicaciones de la ingeniería como por ejemplo en el análisis de estructuras o en mecánica del suelo. La teoría de estados límite asume un material rígido con plasticidad perfecta para modelar la capacidad portante y los mecanismos de derrumbe de un sólido sometido a una distribución de cargas estáticas. En este contexto, el problema en estados límite considera el continuo sometido a una distribución de cargas, tanto volumétricas como de superficie, y tiene como objetivo hallar el máximo multiplicador de la carga que provoca el derrumbe del cuerpo. Este valor se conoce como el máximo factor de carga, y puede ser calculado resolviendo un problema de optimización no lineal de dimensión infinita. Desde el punto de vista computacional, se requieren pues dos pasos: la discretización del problema analítico mediante el uso de espacios de dimensión finita, y la resolución del problema de optimización resultante. Este último paso representa uno de los mayores retos en el proceso del cálculo del factor de carga. El problema de optimización mencionado puede ser de gran tamaño y con un alto coste computacional, sobretodo en el análisis límite tridimensional. Técnicas recientes han permitido a investigadores e ingenieros determinar cotas superiores e inferiores del factor de carga. A pesar del atractivo de estos resultados, su aplicación práctica en ejemplos realistas está todavía obstaculizada por el tamaño del problema de optimización resultante. Posibles remedios a este obstáculo son el diseño de técnicas de descomposición y la paralelizarían del problema de optimización. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una técnica de descomposición que pueda reducir los requerimientos y el coste computacional de este tipo de problemas. Con este propósito, se explotan una propiedad importante del problema de optimización: la función objetivo contiene una único escalar (el factor de carga). La contribución principal de la tesis es el replanteamiento del problema de optimización como la intersección de dos conjuntos, y la propuesta de un algoritmo eficiente para su resolución iterativa.
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Title: Decomposition techniques for computational limit analysis
Description:
Limit analysis is relevant in many practical engineering areas such as the design of mechanical structure or the analysis of soil mechanics.
The theory of limit analysis assumes a rigid, perfectly-plastic material to model the collapse of a solid that is subjected to a static load distribution.
Within this context, the problem of limit analysis is to consider a continuum that is subjected to a fixed force distribution consisting of both volume and surfaces loads.
Then the objective is to obtain the maximum multiple of this force distribution that causes the collapse of the body.
This multiple is usually called collapse multiplier.
This collapse multiplier can be obtained analytically by solving an infinite dimensional nonlinear optimisation problem.
Thus the computation of the multiplier requires two steps, the first step is to discretise its corresponding analytical problem by the introduction of finite dimensional spaces and the second step is to solve a nonlinear optimisation problem, which represents the major difficulty and challenge in the numerical solution process.
Solving this optimisation problem, which may become very large and computationally expensive in three dimensional problems, is the second important step.
Recent techniques have allowed scientists to determine upper and lower bounds of the load factor under which the structure will collapse.
Despite the attractiveness of these results, their application to practical examples is still hampered by the size of the resulting optimisation process.
Thus a remedy to this is the use of decomposition methods and to parallelise the corresponding optimisation problem.
The aim of this work is to present a decomposition technique which can reduce the memory requirements and computational cost of this type of problems.
For this purpose, we exploit the important feature of the underlying optimisation problem: the objective function contains one scaler variable.
The main contributes of the thesis are, rewriting the constraints of the problem as the intersection of appropriate sets, and proposing efficient algorithmic strategies to iteratively solve the decomposition algorithm.
El análisis en estados límite es una herramienta relente en muchas aplicaciones de la ingeniería como por ejemplo en el análisis de estructuras o en mecánica del suelo.
La teoría de estados límite asume un material rígido con plasticidad perfecta para modelar la capacidad portante y los mecanismos de derrumbe de un sólido sometido a una distribución de cargas estáticas.
En este contexto, el problema en estados límite considera el continuo sometido a una distribución de cargas, tanto volumétricas como de superficie, y tiene como objetivo hallar el máximo multiplicador de la carga que provoca el derrumbe del cuerpo.
Este valor se conoce como el máximo factor de carga, y puede ser calculado resolviendo un problema de optimización no lineal de dimensión infinita.
Desde el punto de vista computacional, se requieren pues dos pasos: la discretización del problema analítico mediante el uso de espacios de dimensión finita, y la resolución del problema de optimización resultante.
Este último paso representa uno de los mayores retos en el proceso del cálculo del factor de carga.
El problema de optimización mencionado puede ser de gran tamaño y con un alto coste computacional, sobretodo en el análisis límite tridimensional.
Técnicas recientes han permitido a investigadores e ingenieros determinar cotas superiores e inferiores del factor de carga.
A pesar del atractivo de estos resultados, su aplicación práctica en ejemplos realistas está todavía obstaculizada por el tamaño del problema de optimización resultante.
Posibles remedios a este obstáculo son el diseño de técnicas de descomposición y la paralelizarían del problema de optimización.
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una técnica de descomposición que pueda reducir los requerimientos y el coste computacional de este tipo de problemas.
Con este propósito, se explotan una propiedad importante del problema de optimización: la función objetivo contiene una único escalar (el factor de carga).
La contribución principal de la tesis es el replanteamiento del problema de optimización como la intersección de dos conjuntos, y la propuesta de un algoritmo eficiente para su resolución iterativa.

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