Denitrification kinetics indicates nitrous oxide uptake is unaffected by electron competition in Accumulibacter

ABSTRACT Denitrifying phosphorus removal is a cost and energy efficient treatment technology that relies on polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) utilizing nitrate or nitrite as terminal electron acceptor. Denitrification is a multistep process and many organisms do not possess the complete pathway, leading to the accumulation of intermediates such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance. Candidatus Accumulibacter organisms are prevalent in denitrifying phosphorus removal processes and, according to genomic analyses, appear to vary in their denitrification abilities based on their lineage. Yet, denitrification kinetics and nitrous oxide accumulation by Accumulibacter after long-term exposure to either nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor have never been compared. We investigated the preferential use of the nitrogen oxides involved in denitrification and nitrous oxide accumulation in two enrichments of Accumulibacter and a competitor – the glycogen accumulating organism Candidatus Competibacter. A metabolic model was modified to predict phosphorus removal and denitrification rates when nitrate, nitrite or N 2 O were added as electron acceptors in different combinations. Unlike previous studies, no N 2 O accumulation was observed for Accumulibacter in the presence of multiple electron acceptors. Electron competition did not affect denitrification kinetics or N 2 O accumulation in Accumulibacter or Competibacter. Despite the presence of sufficient internal storage polymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHA) as energy source for each denitrification step, the extent of denitrification observed was dependent on the dominant organism in the enrichment. Accumulibacter showed complete denitrification and N 2 O utilization, whereas for Competibacter denitrification was limited to reduction of nitrate to nitrite. These findings indicate that DPAOs can contribute to lowering N 2 O emissions in the presence of multiple electron acceptors under partial nitritation conditions.