Assessment of timely childhood immunisation coverage and its determinants among caregivers in Bayelsa State

Timely childhood immunisation remains a critical public health priority in Bayelsa State, where gaps in vaccination schedules and caregiver-related factors continue to influence full and age-appropriate immunisation coverage among children. This study investigated the timely childhood immunisation coverage and its determinants among 3456 caregivers of children 0-59 months in Bayelsa State, focusing on caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to assess timely childhood immunisation coverage and its determinants among caregivers in Bayelsa State/ Caregivers were selected through multistage sampling across eight local government areas of Bayelsa State. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, and descriptive statistics (mean criterion = 3.0) were used to assess caregivers’ awareness and attitudes toward timely childhood immunisation, while multiple linear regression at a 95% confidence interval examined the influence of key factors and the relationship between caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and timely immunisation coverage in Bayelsa State. Results were presented in figures, tables, frequencies and percentages. The findings indicated that the majority of the caregivers are between 26 and 45, with a mean age of 37.7. There is moderate immunisation timeliness, with approximately 1693 (49%) of children receiving vaccines exactly as scheduled and 2730 (79%) completing all doses by 12 months. Caregivers’ good awareness and positive attitudes were significantly associated with timely immunisation, supported by robust chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Key barriers impacting timeliness included distance to health facilities, transportation costs, and lack of family support, while reminders and caregiver education facilitated timely uptake. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for integrated interventions combining caregiver education, community support, health system strengthening, and logistical access improvements. These insights contribute critical knowledge to enhance child health strategies and improve vaccination outcomes in Bayelsa State and similar settings.