Design and analysis PSO based Fuzzy PID controller for Load frequency and voltage of the synchronous generator

Abstract The paper presents Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) systems to manage real and reactive power and maintain a system's steady state. A change in system load affects its voltage and frequency. Due to unseen load changes, it is challenging to manage load frequency and voltage to keep them within the allowed limit. A control action must be required for automatic generation control to manage the load frequency and voltage. The Automatic generation control balances system generation with load and losses. The load frequency control (LFC) maintains the voltage profile, managing the active power flows inside the appliance, while the automatic voltage regulator keeps the bus bar voltage within acceptable limits by maintaining the synchronous generator's terminal voltage. An Integral Absolute Error (IAE) is taken as an objective function. PSO optimizes the Fuzzy-PID controller's gain and performance. The evaluation of frequency deviation and voltage fluctuation with time is carried out for single-area systems using the MATLAB 2021a program. The deviation of frequency response and voltage is reduced using the Fuzzy-PID controller, which is based on particle swarm optimization. PID-based traditional controller and a fuzzy-PID controller are compared. The PSO-based Fuzzy-PID controller proved more effective than the traditional control. The Integral Absolute Error (IAE) value for PID is 1.553 whereas the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) value for the PSO-based Fuzzy-PID is 0.6793. Therefore, the result shows that PSO-based Fuzzy-PID performs better than a PID controller.