Cubic Spherical Neutrosophic Weighted Yager and Geometric Yager Aggregation Operators with Application in Groundwater Sustainability Authors

Decision-making problems involving uncertain and inconsistent information often require advanced aggregation techniques. In this paper, we propose new aggregation operators under the cubic spherical neutrosophic environment, namely the Cubic Spherical Neutrosophic Weighted Yager Aggregation Operator (CuSNWYAO) and the Cubic Spherical Neutrosophic Weighted Geometric Yager Aggregation Operator (CuSNWGYAO). These operators are developed by integrating Yager’s norms with cubic spherical neutrosophic sets (CuSNS) to effectively combine uncertain, indeterminate and inconsistent information. The mathematical properties of the proposed operators including idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity are investigated and verified. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is constructed for selecting the most suitable method to enhance groundwater levels. Six groundwater restoration alternatives are evaluated based on multiple criteria such as effectiveness, cost, land requirement, technical complexity, environmental impact, and social acceptability. Expert opinions are incorporated using linguistic variables and transformed into cubic spherical neutrosophic values. The proposed aggregation operators are then applied to obtain aggregated evaluations and final rankings of the alternatives. The results show that the proposed operators provide a flexible and effective framework for handling complex decision-making problems under uncertainty. Therefore, the developed method can serve as a valuable tool for solving practical decision-making problems in environmental management and other related fields.