Passive Optical Network (PON) Technologies in FTTH Implementation

The development of high-speed internet service needs encourages the implementation of fiber optic-based network technology, especially Fiber To The Home (FTTH). Passive Optical Network (PON) technology is the main foundation in providing this service, with various variants such as EPON, GPON, XG-PON, and NG-PON2. This study comprehensively discusses the technical characteristics, performance, and implementation challenges of each of these technologies. The results of the analysis show that GPON is still the main choice because of its efficiency and support for existing infrastructure, while XG-PON and NG-PON2 offer higher capacity but face challenges in terms of cost and technical complexity. Performance evaluation based on parameters such as Power Link Budget, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error Rate (BER) shows that XG-PON has better network performance than GPON, while NG-PON2 excels in capacity and service flexibility with TWDM technology. This study provides insight into selecting the right PON technology based on capacity needs, geographic conditions, and resource constraints, and encourages the development of sustainable FTTH infrastructure in the digital era. Keywords: FTTH, GPON, XG-PON, NG-PON2, TWDM, PON, Power Link Budget