An analysis of risk factors for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB): a hospital-based study

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is the world's most serious problem and one of the leading causes of death. Because of its difficult diagnosis, high rates of treatment failure, and death, MDR-TB is a new challenge in TB control programs. The study aims to identify and analyze the risk factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The study used a case control study design and was conducted at the Labuang Baji Hospital in Makassar City, Indonesia. The sample was 140 people consisting of 70 in the case group and 70 in the control group. Purposive sampling was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using STATA program with Multiple Logistic Regression. Significant risk factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were duration of treatment (OR= 5.655 [Cl 95%: 2.507-12.999]; p<0.001), previous treatment history (OR= 4.833 [Cl 95%: 2.092-11.525]; p<0.001), PMO factor (OR= 3.106 [Cl 95%: 1.227-8.338]; p=0.008), compliance with drugs (OR= 10.961 [Cl 95%: 4.640-26.40]; p<0.001), drug side effects (OR=2.521 [Cl 95%: 1.070-6.126]; p=0.020) and protective factor is the complexity of drug regimen (OR= 0.329 [Cl 95%: 0.136-0.768]; p=0.005). It can be concluded that compliance with drugs is a dominant risk factor for MDR-TB. Improved TB control programs by monitoring the treatment of patients who experienced treatment failure (dropout) probably will increase treatment adherence and cut off MDR-TB transmission.