Theoretical Substantiation of the Parameters of a Roller-leveller for Soil Crust Softening

This article provides a comprehensive theoretical basis for determining the structural and technological parameters of a roller-type working body, which is specifically designed to loosen the crust that forms on the inter-row soil of cotton crops. The formation of a dense soil crust in cotton fields negatively affects the emergence and growth of seedlings, leading to uneven plant development and potentially reduced crop yields. To mitigate these negative effects and ensure uniform and complete emergence of cotton seedlings, this study focused on identifying key operational parameters of the roller. Among these parameters are the depth of soil penetration by the roller, the large and small diameters of the roller, the number of hexagonal prongs installed on the roller surface, the magnitude of the vertical load applied during operation, and the tension force of the pressure spring that regulates the roller’s interaction with the soil. Based on rigorous theoretical research and analysis, the optimal values of the roller's geometric and force parameters were established. These optimal values are determined under the condition that the crust is completely and efficiently loosened while minimizing energy expenditure and mechanical stress on the roller components. The study also takes into account the interaction between the roller and varying soil types, ensuring that the roller’s design is versatile and capable of maintaining high-quality performance under diverse field conditions. The findings of this study have practical significance for the improvement of working bodies used in cotton cultivation, particularly for cultivators and other soil-processing machinery. By applying the determined parameters, agricultural engineers and practitioners can enhance the operational efficiency of their equipment, reduce labor and energy costs, and achieve better soil preparation for cotton seedlings. Furthermore, this research contributes to the development of energy- and resource-efficient agricultural technologies, supporting sustainable farming practices. The results serve as a scientific foundation for future design improvements and technological advancements in soil cultivation machinery, ensuring that both productivity and quality are maximized in cotton production.