Categorical Data Structures for Technical Computing

Many mathematical objects can be represented as functors from finitely-presented categoriesCtoSet. For instance, graphs are functors toSetfrom the category with two parallel arrows. Such functors are known informally asC-sets. In this paper, we describe and implement an extension ofC-sets having data attributes with fixed types, such as graphs with labeled vertices or real-valued edge weights. We call such structures acsets, short for attributedC-sets. Derived from previous work on algebraic databases, acsets are a joint generalization of graphs and data frames. They also encompass more elaborate graph-like objects such as wiring diagrams and Petri nets with rate constants. We develop the mathematical theory of acsets and then describe a generic implementation in the Julia programming language, which uses advanced language features to achieve performance comparable with specialized data structures.