SYNTHESIS AND RESEARCH OF CATALYTIC SYSTEMS FOR PENTANE ISOMERIZATION PROCESS

This article presents the synthesis and comparative investigation of various catalytic systems for the isomerization of n-pentane, which belongs to the alkane group. The main objective of the research is to identify optimal isomerization conditions and catalytic systems that ensure the production of high-octane and environmentally friendly fuel components, thereby enhancing the quality of automotive fuels and minimizing their negative impact on the environment. In the experiments, the industrial catalyst “OMNICAT-210P,” based on Y-type aluminosilicate, and its hydrogen form “H-OMNICAT,” modified with ammonium nitrate, were used. The performance of both catalysts in the isomerization process was evaluated in the temperature range of 150–350°C, under atmospheric pressure and in a hydrogen atmosphere, using a flow-type laboratory reactor. The hydrogen-to-feedstock ratio was maintained at 2:1, and the composition of the reaction products was analyzed using gas chromatography. The results show that the “OMNICAT-210P” catalyst achieved the highest isomer yield (13.2%) at 250°C, demonstrating superior selectivity and conversion efficiency. Under the same temperature, the maximum isomer yield obtained using the “H-OMNICAT” catalyst was 9.8%. Although the conversion rate increased with temperature for both catalysts, the amount of isomers decreased. This is attributed to intensified cracking reactions and the formation of low-molecular-weight by-products at higher temperatures, which negatively affect the efficiency of the isomerization process. The experimental findings confirm that “OMNICAT-210P” is a more favorable and productive system for the isomerization process. On the other hand, the performance indicators of the “H-OMNICAT” catalyst suggest a need for further research aimed at its modification and development. In this direction, methods such as metal salt impregnation and ion-exchange are planned to enhance the catalyst's activity and stability. Overall, this research is significant in terms of valorizing low-boiling petroleum fractions through isomerization, as well as in the synthesis and comparative analysis of alternative catalytic systems. The findings provide a solid scientific basis for developing new technological approaches to obtaining more efficient and high-quality fuel components in the petrochemical industry, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing environmental impact.