Acrostichum aureum linn (crosiers): Unveiling nutritional content, phytochemical composition and anxiolytic activity through preclinical studies

Acrostichum aureum Linn., a mangrove fern found in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its medicinal properties. Despite its traditional use, the nutritional content, phytochemical composition, and anxiolytic potential of its edible crosiers remain unexplored. This study aimed to address this gap by analysing the nutritional content, phytochemical composition, and anxiolytic activity of crosiers. Fresh crosiers underwent nutritional analysis, mineral and vitamin assessment and heavy metal screening. Subsequently, phytochemical investigations were conducted on aqueous and methanolic extracts, followed by anxiolytic activity screening in Wistar albino rats using elevated plus maze and light and dark model. Nutritional analysis revealed crosiers as a rich source of dietary fiber (18% RDA), essential minerals (copper 19% RDA), and vitamins (A >100% RDA, C 15% RDA, B1 15% RDA, B7 17% RDA, B9 37% RDA). Notably, Vitamin A content exceeded daily requirements, highlighting potential health benefits. The absence of significant heavy metal contamination suggests the safety of consuming crosiers. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, proteins, and carbohydrates in plant extracts. The aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) exhibited significant (P