Evaluating the validity of the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in diagnosing ADHD: A critical examination of evidence for educational accommodations.

The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) is a computerized continuous performance test frequently used for ADHD evaluations in educational environments. Given this, there is a need to examine whether the TOVA was created and tested for the purposes of academic accommodations. In addition, an integration of empirical support for validity and review of settings and populations which have been studied will help clarify important considerations if one chooses to administer the TOVA. The purposes of this review is to critically examine the validity of the TOVA for diagnosing ADHD using the unitary concept of validity, with a particular focus on the validity evidence that supports its use in educational settings. This review concludes that the TOVA’s use for academic accommodations may be useful as shown by evidence based on response processes, internal structure, and discrimination. There are concerns abouts its content, its relation to other ADHD instruments, and the populations for which the TOVA has been studied. Recommendations include considerations for administration and psychometric validation.