Environmental management: restoration of the biotic component of anthropogenically loaded ecosystems

Purpose. Development of principles for managing restoration processes in anthropogenically stressed ecosystems. Methodology. Standardised methods of laboratory and field research were used, as well as methods of statistical processing of experimental results. To assess the state of anthropogenic load, standardised methods based on the use of maximum permissible concentrations of substances were applied. The dynamics of intra-ecosystem processes were studied using quantitative and qualitative assessment methods, including biodiversity, soil condition, surface water bodies, and anthropogenic impact factors. Statistical analysis was performed using the Corel Quatro Pro 7 statistical package. Findings. The main theoretical and methodological provisions of the developed concept of hyperadaptation are presented. The patterns of the relationship between the hormetic effect and the tolerance range are established, and it is proven that the hormetic effect for ecosystems is a shift in stability (adaptability) towards optimality. The regulation mechanisms of ecosystem processes have been studied by examining direct and reverse links. It has been proven that reverse links preserve the integrity of the structure and functions of anthropogenically loaded ecosystems, and the duplication of reverse links increases their biotic potential and, consequently, their resistance to anthropogenic influences. A regulatory-functional scheme is presented that characterises the response of biota to external influences – the dynamics of changes in the environment of their existence. It has been proven that biotic potential is capable of reflecting the tendency of internal self-organisation, performing an adaptive function. A methodology has been proposed for assessing the effectiveness and reliability of the functioning of ecosystem self-regulation mechanisms under anthropogenic influences. It has been proven that in order to improve the ecological management of anthropogenically loaded ecosystems, application of phytotechnologies that ecosystems include in intra-ecosystem processes (to restore “damaged” components) as a reserve phytocomponent may be effective. Originality. The dependence of the biotic potential of ecosystems on the influence of anthropogenic factors has been established, and mechanisms for managing anthropogenically loaded ecosystems through regulation of intra-ecosystem processes is proposed. Practical value. The results obtained allow for the improvement of the ecological management of ecosystems under an increased risk of ecological imbalance. The developed methodology will allow the use of economically sound measures to increase the biotic potential of ecosystems, in particular phytotechnology.