PROBLEMS OF RADIATION PROTECTION OF RADIOLOGISTS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Background. Radiologists play a crucial role in modern healthcare by ensuring timely diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Despite significant advances in diagnostic imaging technologies and the implementation of modern radiation protection measures, occupational exposure to ionizing radiation remains a major professional hazard. This issue is particularly relevant in primary healthcare institutions, where limited financial resources, high workloads, and insufficient opportunities for equipment modernization are common. Objective: To analyze current scientific evidence regarding occupational radiation exposure among radiologists working in primary healthcare settings, identify major risk factors, and evaluate existing approaches to radiation safety management for medical personnel. Materials and Methods: A literature review of publications indexed in the PubMed/MEDLINE database from January 2020 to June 2025 was conducted. The search strategy included the following keywords: occupational radiation exposure, radiation protection, radiology personnel, radiologists, occupational health, medical radiation workers, occupational dosimetry, and radiation safety. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, original research articles, and recommendations issued by international organizations concerning radiation safety of healthcare personnel were included in the analysis. Results: The literature review demonstrated that the implementation of digital imaging technologies, modern personal protective equipment, and occupational dosimetry systems contributes to a reduction in occupational radiation exposure among healthcare workers. Nevertheless, occupational radiation exposure remains a significant concern, particularly in primary healthcare facilities. The main risk factors include the use of aging equipment, insufficient dosimetric monitoring, limited opportunities for staff training, and inadequate compliance with radiation protection principles. Conclusions: Improving radiation safety among radiologists requires a comprehensive approach that includes equipment modernization, regular dosimetric monitoring, continuous professional education, and strict adherence to the ALARA principle.