Mathematical Modeling of Norovirus Outbreaks: Assessing Intervention Strategies

Abstract Norovirus, a highly contagious pathogen responsible for numerous outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness, poses a significant public health challenge. In this study, we investigate the intricate dynamics of Norovirus transmission by analyzing the relationships between critical parameters and employing effective intervention strategies. Our analysis leverages mathematical modeling, data-driven insights, and visualization tools. Through a series of contour plots, we examine the impact of parameters such as the effective contact rate (β), vaccination rate (θ), treatment rate (ω), and vaccine efficacy on the effective reproduction number (Re). Notably, an increase in vaccination rate and vaccine efficacy leads to a substantial decrease in the number of exposed and infected individuals, underlining the pivotal role of vaccination in disease control. Furthermore, we explore the combined effects of treatment and vaccination strategies, highlighting their synergistic potential. A higher treatment rate (ω), coupled with increased vaccination coverage (θ), results in a notable reduction in disease transmission, particularly when both strategies exhibit high efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive public health measures. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into Norovirus disease dynamics and the effectiveness of intervention strategies. By understanding the intricate interplay of parameters and the potential of combined approaches, we offer a foundation for informed decision-making in public health. These insights have the potential to guide policy recommendations and advance efforts to combat Norovirus, ultimately improving public health outcomes and reducing the burden of this pervasive pathogen.