EFFECTS OF METS (MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUES) AND CAPSULAR STRETCHING IN DIFFERENT MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) are a leading cause of disability worldwide, impairing mobility and quality of life due to dysfunctions involving muscles, joints, and connective tissues. Among various rehabilitation interventions, manual therapy techniques such as Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) and capsular stretching have gained prominence for their non-invasive approach in managing pain and restricted range of motion (ROM), particularly in conditions like adhesive capsulitis and osteoarthritis. Objective: This narrative review aims to compare the clinical effectiveness of METs and capsular stretching in reducing pain and improving ROM in patients suffering from various musculoskeletal conditions. Main Discussion Points: The review synthesizes recent evidence demonstrating that both METs and capsular stretching are beneficial in enhancing joint mobility, alleviating pain, and reducing functional disability. METs involve controlled isometric muscle contractions against resistance, promoting neuromuscular re-education and soft tissue elongation. Capsular stretching, by contrast, passively targets tight joint capsules to restore joint mechanics. While both techniques showed significant improvements across multiple studies, METs consistently demonstrated superior outcomes in muscle strengthening, adhesion resolution, and overall functional recovery, especially in chronic MSK conditions. Conclusion: Muscle Energy Techniques offer a more comprehensive approach in improving patient mobility and quality of life compared to capsular stretching alone. However, both techniques remain valuable components of an individualized, evidence-based physiotherapy regimen. Further high-quality clinical trials are necessary to optimize treatment protocols and determine long-term outcomes.