Adjudication before Regional and International Courts

International and regional courts provide a degree of oversight over the conduct of international organizations. In some instances, these courts have played an important, albeit indirect role in assessing the validity of international organization conduct in the course of proceedings against States, which has had a modest influence on the procedures of universal international organizations. Regional courts have also played an important role in assessing the acts of regional integration organizations, although the limited personal and subject matter jurisdiction of many of such courts has limited their capacity to adjudicate claims concerning organizations’ human rights and international humanitarian law breaches. There is no international court with a mandate to adjudicate claims brought by individuals concerning the acts of international organizations.