Formulation and Evaluation of Ion-Responsive in Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery of Lornoxicam: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Lornoxicam (LOX) is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) oxicam class; that can be used into treat ocular inflammation; when applied locally to the eye, reducing systemic side effects. However, a major challenge is its rapid lacrimal clearance.  An ion-sensitive in-situ gel for lornoxicam (LOX) was developed using gellan gum, a polymer that gel in response to calcium ions present in physiological fluids. This method allows for the local and continuous release of medication, improving therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of lornoxicam-loaded in-situ ocular gels Methods A surface solid dispersion of lornoxicam and Crospovidone was prepared and incorporated into the gellan gum-based in-situ gel. Different concentrations of gellan gum were tested changed to create various of formulations, and their impact on viscosity and gelation capacity was assessed. Results: In vitro release experiments; showed that the optimized formulation (F8), containing 0.1% (w/v) lornoxicam and 1% (w/v) gellan gum, released 91.7% of the medication within the first 30 minutes and continued to release over six hours. In an animal model using Rattus norvegicus Domestica, the formulation demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in reducing ocular irritation within 72 hours in vivo. Conclusion: The lornoxicam ocular in-situ gel appears to be a promising dosage form that enhances medication retention, reduces drainage, and provides therapeutic benefi