Clinical Outcomes of the Star-Like Technique Described by Ferraro et al. for Correction of Tuberous Breast Deformity: A Large Case Series

Background: Tuberous breast deformity is a complex congenital condition characterized by breast base constriction, glandular hypoplasia and nipple-areola complex distortion. Although multiple surgical techniques have been described, the management of moderate to severe forms remains challenging, particularly with regard to reproducibility and long-term stability of outcomes. The present study evaluates a large clinical series treated with the star-like incision technique described by Ferraro, et al., focusing on indications, clinical outcomes and safety. Methods: Between 2009 and 2025, 230 patients diagnosed with tuberous breast deformity underwent surgical correction using a single-stage star-like glandular incision combined with subfascial placement of round high profile silicone breast implants. Deformities were classified according to the Grolleau system. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. Postoperative assessment included scheduled clinical follow-up, standardized photographic documentation and a patient satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Correction of breast base constriction and NAC herniation was achieved in nearly all patients, with consistent improvement in breast contour, lower pole expansion and overall symmetry. Early complications included superficial wound dehiscence in 15 patients (6.5%), managed conservatively. No infections or revision surgeries were recorded. The mean follow-up duration was 36 months (range 12-60 months). During the available follow-up period, no clinically relevant capsular contracture was observed. Patient-reported outcomes indicated a high overall level of satisfaction. Conclusion: In this clinical series, the star-like incision technique according to Ferraro, et al., appears to represent a reproducible option for the correction of selected moderate to severe forms of tuberous breast deformity. The retrospective design and absence of a control group represent limitations of the study; further comparative investigations are required to better define the role of this technique among available surgical strategies.