Self-referencing rates in biological disciplines

Abstract The use of citation counts (among other bibliometrics) as a facet of academic research evaluation can influence citation behavior in scientific publications. One possible unintended consequence of this bibliometric is excessive self-referencing, where an author favors referencing their own publications over related publications from different research groups. Peer reviewers are often prompted by journals to examine whether references listed in the manuscript under review are unbiased, but there is no consensus on what is considered “excessive” self-referencing. Here, self-referencing rates are estimated across multiple journals in the fields of biology, genetics, computational biology, medicine, pathology, and cell biology. Median self-referencing rates are between 8-13% across a range of journals within these subdisciplines. However, self-referencing rates vary as a function of total number of references, number of authors, author status/rank, author position, and total number publications for each author. These results may serve as useful statistical guidelines for authors, editors, reviewers, and journals when considering referencing practices for individual publications.