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Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas dengan Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai Variabel Moderasi

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Abstract. Amid increasingly intense global competition, companies are required to continuously improve their profitability. However, many companies in Indonesia still experience a decline in profit performance. One of the factors presumed to influence this condition is the disclosure of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) information, as well as firm characteristics, particularly firm size. This study aims to examine the effect of ESG disclosure on profitability and to analyze the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between ESG disclosure and profitability among mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021–2024. ESG disclosure is measured using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index, profitability is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), and firm size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets. Purposive sampling was applied, resulting in a sample of 29 companies with a total of 116 observations. The results indicate that, partially, Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosures each have a significant effect on profitability. Simultaneously, ESG disclosure has a significant effect on profitability, while firm size is proven to moderate the relationship between ESG disclosure and profitability. Abstrak. Di tengah persaingan global yang semakin ketat, perusahaan dituntut untuk terus meningkatkan profitabilitas. Namun, banyak perusahaan di Indonesia masih menghadapi penurunan tingkat profitabilitas, salah satu faktornya adalah pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) serta karakteristik perusahaan, khusunya ukuran perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, serta pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap tingkat profitabilitas dengan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2021-2024. Pengungkapan ESG diukur dengan Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), tingkat profitabilitas diukur dengan Return On Asset (ROA), dan ukuran perusahaan diukur dengan log natural total aset. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 29 perusahaan yang menjadi sampel dengan total 116 data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial pengungkapan Environmental berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, pengungkapan Social berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, pengungkapan Governance berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas. Secara simultan pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, sementara ukuran perusahaan dapat memoderasi  pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap tingkat profitabilitas.
Title: Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas dengan Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Description:
Abstract.
Amid increasingly intense global competition, companies are required to continuously improve their profitability.
However, many companies in Indonesia still experience a decline in profit performance.
One of the factors presumed to influence this condition is the disclosure of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) information, as well as firm characteristics, particularly firm size.
This study aims to examine the effect of ESG disclosure on profitability and to analyze the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between ESG disclosure and profitability among mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021–2024.
ESG disclosure is measured using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index, profitability is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), and firm size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets.
Purposive sampling was applied, resulting in a sample of 29 companies with a total of 116 observations.
The results indicate that, partially, Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosures each have a significant effect on profitability.
Simultaneously, ESG disclosure has a significant effect on profitability, while firm size is proven to moderate the relationship between ESG disclosure and profitability.
Abstrak.
Di tengah persaingan global yang semakin ketat, perusahaan dituntut untuk terus meningkatkan profitabilitas.
Namun, banyak perusahaan di Indonesia masih menghadapi penurunan tingkat profitabilitas, salah satu faktornya adalah pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) serta karakteristik perusahaan, khusunya ukuran perusahaan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, serta pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap tingkat profitabilitas dengan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2021-2024.
Pengungkapan ESG diukur dengan Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), tingkat profitabilitas diukur dengan Return On Asset (ROA), dan ukuran perusahaan diukur dengan log natural total aset.
Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 29 perusahaan yang menjadi sampel dengan total 116 data penelitian.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial pengungkapan Environmental berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, pengungkapan Social berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, pengungkapan Governance berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas.
Secara simultan pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabilitas, sementara ukuran perusahaan dapat memoderasi  pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) terhadap tingkat profitabilitas.

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