Appropriateness of applying CSF biomarker cutoffs from Alzheimer’s disease to Parkinson’s disease

AbstractBackgroundWhile cutoffs for abnormal levels of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid β 1‐42 (Aβ 1‐42), total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), and the ratios of t‐tau/Aβ 1‐42 and p‐tau/Aβ 1‐42, have been established in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), biologically relevant cutoffs have not been studied extensively in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aim to assess the suitability and diagnostic accuracy of established AD‐derived CSF biomarker cutoffs in the PD population.MethodBaseline and longitudinal data on CSF biomarkers, cognitive diagnoses, and PET amyloid imaging in 423 newly diagnosed patients with PD from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort were used to evaluate established AD biomarker cutoffs compared with optimal cutoffs derived from the PPMI cohort.ResultUsing PET amyloid imaging as the gold standard for AD pathology, the optimal cutoff of Aβ 1‐42 was higher than the AD cutoff, the optimal cutoffs of t‐tau/Aβ 1‐42 and p‐tau/Aβ 1‐42 were lower than the AD cutoffs, and their confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap with the AD cutoffs. Optimal cutoffs for t‐tau and p‐tau to predict cognitive impairment were significantly lower than the AD cutoffs, and their CIs did not overlap with the AD cutoffs.ConclusionOptimal cutoffs for the PPMI cohort for Aβ 1‐42, t‐tau/Aβ 1‐42, and p‐tau/Aβ 1‐42 to predict amyloid‐PET positivity and for t‐tau and p‐tau to predict cognitive impairment differ significantly from cutoffs derived from AD populations. The presence of additional pathologies such as alpha‐synuclein in PD may lead to disease‐specific CSF biomarker characteristics.