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Perfil celular imunológico e o papel na resposta inflamatória frente ao SARS-CoV-2

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O novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV2) vem desafiando o cenário mundial devido à pandemia, de modo que compreender os aspectos do sistema imunológico na resposta do hospedeiro aos estímulos antigênicos é importante se consideramos possíveis ações eficazes farmacológicas e preventivos através de imunizações. Pacientes acometidos pela doença da COVID-19 têm apresentados sinais e sintomas diversos, inclusive podem desenvolver a forma grave e, eventual, óbito. Considerando esse contexto provocado pelo novo coronavírus, contextualizar o perfil celular imunológico e o seu papel na resposta inflamatória frente ao SARS-CoV2 é o objetivo deste estudo. A metodologia adotada foi uma contextualização teórica em bases catalogadas entre 2019 e 2020 utilizando compêndios do Scielo, Pubmed, Periódico da Capes. Como resultados, enfatiza-se que o SARS-CoV-2 em estágios variáveis de acometimento nos pacientes, apresentam uma tempestade de citocinas a incluir IL-2, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP1 e proteína inflamatória de macrófagos (MIP) - 1α, resultando na ação de proteínas pró-inflamatórias, maior permeabilidade vascular e presença de considerável quantidade de líquido nos alvéolos do hospedeiro, caracterizando os quadros de dispneia e insuficiência respiratória. Ativação de células imunes capazes de produzir e/ ou serem moduladoras de citocinas (linfócitos T, Natural Killer, fagócitos) tem sido relatada em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19. Número reduzido de células NK e células T e elevados níveis de IL-6 estão associados ao pior prognóstico dos pacientes. Sumariando, compreender o papel do sistema imune sob a ação do SARS-CoV2, facilita o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e de tratamento frente a ação viral. Abstract: The novo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has been challenging the world scenario due to the pandemic and understanding the aspects of the immune system in the host's response to antigenic stimuli is important if we consider possible effective pharmacological and preventive actions through immunizations. Patients affected by COVID-19 disease have presented different signs and symptoms, they can even develop the severe form and, eventually, death. Considering this context caused by the new coronavirus, contextualizing the immune cell profile and its role in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV2, reflects the aim of this study. The methodology adopted was a theoretical contextualization in cataloged bases between 2019 and 2020 using compendiums from Scielo, Pubmed, Capes Periodical. As a result, it is emphasized that SARS-CoV-2 in varying stages of involvement in patients, presents a storm of cytokines including IL-2, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL- 10, TNF-α, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) - 1α, resulting in the action of pro-inflammatory proteins, greater vascular permeability and the presence of a considerable amount of fluid in the host alveoli, characterizing dyspnea and respiratory failure. Activation of immune cells capable of producing and / or modulating cytokines (T lymphocytes, Natural Killer, phagocytes) has been reported in patients affected by COVID-19. Reduced number of NK and T cells and high levels of IL-6 are associated with poorer patient prognosis. In summary, understanding the role of the immune system under the action of SARS-CoV2, facilitates the development of preventive and treatment strategies in the face of viral action. Keywords: COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2. Inflammatory mediators. Immune response.
Title: Perfil celular imunológico e o papel na resposta inflamatória frente ao SARS-CoV-2
Description:
O novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV2) vem desafiando o cenário mundial devido à pandemia, de modo que compreender os aspectos do sistema imunológico na resposta do hospedeiro aos estímulos antigênicos é importante se consideramos possíveis ações eficazes farmacológicas e preventivos através de imunizações.
Pacientes acometidos pela doença da COVID-19 têm apresentados sinais e sintomas diversos, inclusive podem desenvolver a forma grave e, eventual, óbito.
Considerando esse contexto provocado pelo novo coronavírus, contextualizar o perfil celular imunológico e o seu papel na resposta inflamatória frente ao SARS-CoV2 é o objetivo deste estudo.
A metodologia adotada foi uma contextualização teórica em bases catalogadas entre 2019 e 2020 utilizando compêndios do Scielo, Pubmed, Periódico da Capes.
Como resultados, enfatiza-se que o SARS-CoV-2 em estágios variáveis de acometimento nos pacientes, apresentam uma tempestade de citocinas a incluir IL-2, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP1 e proteína inflamatória de macrófagos (MIP) - 1α, resultando na ação de proteínas pró-inflamatórias, maior permeabilidade vascular e presença de considerável quantidade de líquido nos alvéolos do hospedeiro, caracterizando os quadros de dispneia e insuficiência respiratória.
Ativação de células imunes capazes de produzir e/ ou serem moduladoras de citocinas (linfócitos T, Natural Killer, fagócitos) tem sido relatada em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19.
Número reduzido de células NK e células T e elevados níveis de IL-6 estão associados ao pior prognóstico dos pacientes.
Sumariando, compreender o papel do sistema imune sob a ação do SARS-CoV2, facilita o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e de tratamento frente a ação viral.
Abstract: The novo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has been challenging the world scenario due to the pandemic and understanding the aspects of the immune system in the host's response to antigenic stimuli is important if we consider possible effective pharmacological and preventive actions through immunizations.
Patients affected by COVID-19 disease have presented different signs and symptoms, they can even develop the severe form and, eventually, death.
Considering this context caused by the new coronavirus, contextualizing the immune cell profile and its role in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV2, reflects the aim of this study.
The methodology adopted was a theoretical contextualization in cataloged bases between 2019 and 2020 using compendiums from Scielo, Pubmed, Capes Periodical.
As a result, it is emphasized that SARS-CoV-2 in varying stages of involvement in patients, presents a storm of cytokines including IL-2, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL- 10, TNF-α, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) - 1α, resulting in the action of pro-inflammatory proteins, greater vascular permeability and the presence of a considerable amount of fluid in the host alveoli, characterizing dyspnea and respiratory failure.
Activation of immune cells capable of producing and / or modulating cytokines (T lymphocytes, Natural Killer, phagocytes) has been reported in patients affected by COVID-19.
Reduced number of NK and T cells and high levels of IL-6 are associated with poorer patient prognosis.
In summary, understanding the role of the immune system under the action of SARS-CoV2, facilitates the development of preventive and treatment strategies in the face of viral action.
Keywords: COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2.
Inflammatory mediators.
Immune response.

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