Integrated Conservation Approaches for the Endangered Endemic Fish Pethia manipurensis of Loktak Lake, Manipur

Pethia manipurensis is a species of freshwater fish that is endemic to Loktak Lake in Manipur, which is located within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. This species was once abundant throughout the Loktak Lake, but is now classified as endangered as a result of habitat degradation, pollution, hydrological changes, invasive species and other human related activities. This review provides an overview of available information on ecology, conservation status, significant threats and emerging uses on P. manipurensis. It is also known that P. manipurensis plays an important ecological role in the Loktak lake ecosystem, and there are bioactive components found in the fish that may be useful for pharmaceutical and functional food development. Integrated conservation strategies which might include scientific research, habitat restoration, captive breeding, community participation, and sustainable ornamental fish culture are discussed. A number of research gaps are identified including those related to P. manipurensis population biology, genetics, reproductive ecology, and climate change. A multidisciplinary approach to conservation is necessary to ensure the long term survival of P. manipurensis for future generations by maintaining the long-term ecological integrity of Loktak Lake and associated biodiversity.