Analysis of the Station Passenger Capacity: The Case Study of Kocaeli Tram Line

Public transportation systems play a crucial role in facilitating mobility in bustling urban areas and alleviating traffic congestion. Among various urban rail system types, trams have emerged as environmentally friendly, low carbon emission, and high-capacity transportation vehicles. Effective use of tram lines necessitates accurate capacity planning. The aim of this study was to assess whether the station passenger capacity of the tram serving Kocaeli is adequate for peak hour travel demands. This study initially provides information on tram system criteria, capacity types, and components. Subsequently, details about the line, vehicle specifications, dwell times, peak hours, train and passenger numbers, and their correlation with stations are discussed. Various calculation techniques are explored to estimate station passenger capacity, with analytical methods based on 2022 data employed in this study. The analysis reveals that the tram line operates close to its station passenger capacity, particularly during peak hours, and may exceed capacity on special occasions. It is anticipated that the station capacity of this line, which serves the city center route, may struggle to accommodate passenger demand in the near future. Consequently, suggestions for enhancing line and station capacity are proposed to ensure that passengers have a comfortable waiting experience.