Breeding Techniques on Pulse Crops to Enhance Climate Resilience: A Review

The major food and economic crops known as pulse crops is produced in tropical and temperate countries. Due to their advantages, pulse crop production and consumer demand have grown significantly over the past 20 years. Low yield and variability, which are partially attributable to the effects of environmental stress, preclude future pulse crop production despite enhanced breeding efforts and the development of pulse crop production in diverse agro-climatic areas. Pulse crops physiology, morphology, and capacity for reproduction are all impacted by environmental stress, which affects yield. It is believed that the most important time for yield production is during the reproductive stage, when exposed to environmental challenges. In this review, we assess the effects of environmental stress on the growth and productivity of pulse crops during the reproductive stage, as well as the features that may confer adaptation. The present research's shortcomings, such as the small number of genotypes, shortage of field trials, and incomplete experimental data are listed. In order to speed up breeding efforts and produce more resilient pulse crop cultivars for the present and the future, the review highlight the potential to take advantage of new tools and technologies like high-throughput phenotyping platforms, gene editing, and genomic selection.