Development of Triazole based Anticonvulsants through Various Catalytic Approaches

Abstract: Triazole-containing compounds will result in the production of various pharmacologically effective drugs. Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder primarily managed by controlling seizures using antiepileptic drugs, which are often related with side effects in rare circumstances and can be life-threatening. Triazolam and Alprazolam are both drugs containing a triazole ring, and these are well-established drugs that are used in the treatment of epilepsy. In the five-membered azole ring, triazole ring containing compounds consist of two carbon and three nitrogen atoms. Triazole, a heterocyclic compound, which contains at least two distinct elements in the ring that includes three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms as a part of the five-membered azole chain. The nitrogenous heterocyclic moiety triazole, which is commonly called pyrrodiazole, has the chemical formula C2H3N3. The triazole-containing derivatives with two different isomers are 1, 2, 3-triazoles and 1, 2, 4-triazoles. Triazole-containing compounds can be synthesized by various methods such as substitution reactions, ring opening, and rearrangement. Among these isomers of triazole, drugs containing 1,2,4-triazole possess different pharmacological properties such as antifungal, antineoplastic, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, and antiepileptic properties. 1,3,4-thiadiazole-linked 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives are important targets for potent anticonvulsant drug candidates in both clinical and preclinical studies. Many synthetic compounds have a structural characteristic of a 1, 2, 4-triazole ring with diverse therapeutic efficacy. 1,2,4-triazoles are a key scaffold in a large number of triazole derivatives that produce diverse pharmacological effects. This review focuses on the pharmacological significance and the synthesis of triazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry.