CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF P53 EXPRESSION IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

Objective: To assess clinicopathological parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma, and evaluate their correlation with p53 overexpression in these prostatic conditions. Methods: The present ambispective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India from 2022 to 2024. This study included prostatic trucut biopsies, transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) chips, and radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatic adenocarcinoma. Tissue samples were processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to assess p53 expression using the GenomeMe antibody. Data on age, histological type and histological grade were collected. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test was conducted to evaluate associations between p53 overexpression and clinicopathological parameters. Results: The study analyzed 50 cases, revealing significantly higher p53 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma compared to BPH. The majority of participants were aged between 61-70 years (46%). There were 50% patients with adenocarcinoma, 26% with BPH, 20% with BPH and chronic prostatitis, and 4% with BPH with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. There were strong associations between p53 overexpression and specific diagnoses, histological type and histological grade (Gleason scores) in prostate cancer. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that p53 overexpression is closely linked to malignant prostate conditions and could potentially serve as a valuable biomarker for distinguishing between benign and malignant prostatic diseases, as well as predicting tumor aggressiveness.