An Examination of Fantasy Illustration and the Illustrations of Pauline Baynes and John Howe Through the Writings of J. R. R. Tolkien

J. R. R. Tolkien, known for originating “The Lord of the Rings” trilogy is one of the most acclaimed authors of fantasy literature whose work has captured the imagination of people of all ages and backgrounds. It is evident that through his work, Tolkien is able to kindle in the hearts of his readers desire for a new world and adventures. In the article, the aim is to focus on Tolkien’s ideas on fantasy illustration as relayed in his essays and letters to understand how illustrators may enliven feelings of wonder as Tolkien has done with his words. The style he has employed to create his own illustrations, his criteria for selecting illustrations to be published with his works, why he was partial to the illustrations of Pauline Baynes and the similar qualities found in the works of John Howe, who is one of the most widely recognized illustrators of Tolkien’s work is discussed. Through this study, the essence of the works of Tolkien that have such a strong impact on readers and the qualities that fantasy illustrations of today should possess in the pursuit of creating a desirable “Secondary World” for the readers’ imaginations to enter may be discovered. Keywords: Fantasy illustration, Secondary World, desire, Arts & Crafts Movement, the Golden Age of British Illustration