Smart and Efficient Fast EV Charging in Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased the demand for reliable and efficient charging infrastructure. Conventional EV charging stations mainly rely on centralized power grids, which can lead to grid congestion, voltage instability, and increased peak load demand. Moreover, uncontrolled fast charging can accelerate battery degradation and reduce the lifespan of EV batteries due to excessive heat and high charging currents. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a smart and efficient fast EV charging system integrated with a renewable energy–based microgrid. The proposed system combines renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) generation with battery energy storage systems to provide sustainable and reliable charging power. The microgrid architecture enables efficient coordination between renewable energy generation, energy storage, EV charging demand, and the utility grid. An intelligent energy management system is implemented to monitor system parameters including solar power generation, battery state of charge, charging demand, and grid availability. Based on these parameters, the controller optimally distributes power among renewable sources, battery storage, and the utility grid to ensure efficient energy utilization and uninterrupted charging services. The proposed system also incorporates an adaptive fast charging strategy that dynamically regulates charging current and voltage according to the battery’s state of charge and temperature conditions. This approach helps to minimize battery stress, reduce overheating, and extend battery life while maintaining rapid charging capability. Additionally, integrating renewable energy into EV charging infrastructure reduces dependence on fossil fuel–based electricity generation and contributes to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Simulation and analytical evaluation demonstrate that the renewable energy integrated microgrid significantly improves charging efficiency, reduces grid stress, and enhances overall system reliability. The proposed smart charging framework provides a sustainable solution for future EV charging infrastructure and supports the transition toward clean and intelligent transportation systems