THE RENAISSANCE DAM CRISIS AND ITS REGIONAL CHALLENGES IN THE NILE BASIN REGION

The water issue has recently become a regional crisis between countries, especially with regard to shared waters between two or more countries, as some upstream countries resort to building water projects and dams to control the water, which is what Ethiopia has resorted to. The Renaissance Dam crisis is one of the most prominent issues facing the Nile Basin countries and affects the form of the relationship between regional countries, especially between (Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia). The construction of the dam by Ethiopia has threatened the water and food security of countries, especially Egypt, due to its complete dependence on water on the Nile River. Therefore, the dam has had a significant impact on the economy and politics between regional countries, and the construction of this dam has created a number of challenges. The problem: The problem stems from a basic question: What are the challenges or effects resulting from the establishment of the Renaissance Dam? What are the reactions of regional countries to the establishment of the dam? What is the position of regional and international parties to the dam? Hypothesis: The crisis of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam exacerbates regional challenges in the Nile Basin, which negatively affects water security and political and economic relations, especially between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, which requires establishing new mechanisms for negotiation and management of the existing process, to achieve regional success and prosperity and ensure stability and sustainable growth. Objective: The study aims to know the origin of the Renaissance Dam and Ethiopia's interests from this dam, in addition to knowing the regional challenges or crises resulting from the establishment of the dam, in addition to knowing the regional reactions to the dam, especially the countries most affected by its establishment, Egypt and Sudan, and its impact on the nature of relations between countries at the regional level. Finally, the study aims to resort to dialogue and negotiations between the parties to reach a solution that satisfies all regional parties. Structure: The research included three axes. The first axis dealt with the