Advancements in Edge Detection Techniques for Image Enhancement: A Comprehensive Review

Edge detection is a fundamental algorithm in image processing and computer vision, widely applied in various domains such as medical imaging and autonomous driving. This comprehensive literature review critically evaluates the latest edge detection methods, encompassing classical approaches (Sobel, Canny, and Prewitt) and advanced techniques based on deep learning, fuzzy logic, and optimization algorithms. The review summarises the significant contributions and advancements in the field by synthesizing insights from numerous research papers. It also examines the combination of edge detection with current image processing methods and discusses its impact on real-life applications. The review highlights the strengths and limitations of existing edge detection strategies and proposes future avenues for investigation. Various research shows that classical edge detection methods like Sobel, Canny, and Prewitt still play a significant role in the field. However, advanced methods utilizing deep learning, fuzzy logic, and optimization algorithms have shown promising results in enhancing edge detection accuracy. Combining edge detection with current image processing methods has demonstrated improved clarity and interpretation of images in real-life applications, including medical imaging and machine learning systems. Despite the progress made, there are still limitations and challenges in existing edge detection strategies that require further investigation. Future research should address these shortcomings and explore new edge detection algorithm development avenues. By understanding the current state of the art and its implications, researchers and practitioners can make informed decisions and contribute to advancing edge detection in image processing and analysis. Overall, this review serves as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners working in the field, providing a thorough understanding of the state-of-the-art edge detection techniques, their implications for image processing, and their potential for further development.