Correlation of Ultrasonographic Ovarian Parameters and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovarian Disease

BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterised by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and PCOM (Polycystic Ovarian Morphology). It has a global prevalence of 4–10%. PCOD often presents during adolescence and is diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, which require at least two of the following: oligo/anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, or PCOM on ultrasound.  METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 135 female patients clinically suspected of having PCOD, referred from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for pelvic ultrasonography. Inclusion criteria included clinical features such as oligomenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism, and obesity. Pelvic ultrasound was performed to assess ovarian volume, follicle count and size, and stromal echogenicity. Hormonal profiles (LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio) were also evaluated.  RESULTS The majority of participants (70.4%) were aged 18–25 years. Menstrual irregularities were reported in 88.8% of cases, subfertility in 42%, hirsutism in 35.5%, and obesity in 3.7%. Ovarian volume >10 cc was seen in 85.9% of participants. Follicle count >20 per ovary was observed in 88.8%, and 90.3% had follicles measuring 2–9 mm. Elevated LH levels were seen in 89.47% of patients with an ovarian volume >10 cc. A borderline significant association was found between ovarian volume and FSH levels.  CONCLUSIONS While many patients were overweight or pre-obese, lean PCOD cases were also noted. Key ultrasound features, such as increased ovarian volume and peripheral follicle arrangement, showed strong correlations with hormonal imbalances, supporting the need for integrated and personalised approaches to diagnosis and management.