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Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment
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Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but severe immunopathological condition that develops primarily after adenoviral vector-based vaccines (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2.S). The pathogenesis is based on the production of autoantibodies to PF4, which cause platelet activation and thrombosis of atypical locations. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs (thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, high D-dimer levels) and positive ELISA results for anti-PF4. The treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulins, non-heparin anticoagulants, glucocorticoids and, in severe cases, plasmapheresis. VITT requires high clinical caution and further research as part of the spectrum of anti-PF4 mediated thrombocytopenia.
Key words: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, VITT, thrombosis, anti-PF4 antibodies, adenoviral vaccines, immunopathology, COVID-19, vaccination, VITT diagnosis, anticoagulants, intravenous immunoglobulins
Dynasty Publishing House
Title: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment
Description:
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but severe immunopathological condition that develops primarily after adenoviral vector-based vaccines (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Ad26.
COV2.
S).
The pathogenesis is based on the production of autoantibodies to PF4, which cause platelet activation and thrombosis of atypical locations.
The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs (thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, high D-dimer levels) and positive ELISA results for anti-PF4.
The treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulins, non-heparin anticoagulants, glucocorticoids and, in severe cases, plasmapheresis.
VITT requires high clinical caution and further research as part of the spectrum of anti-PF4 mediated thrombocytopenia.
Key words: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, VITT, thrombosis, anti-PF4 antibodies, adenoviral vaccines, immunopathology, COVID-19, vaccination, VITT diagnosis, anticoagulants, intravenous immunoglobulins.
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