SSR loci polymorphism in soybean varieties originating with different country origins

Topicality. Microsatellite DNA sequences are widely used to identify the genotypes of living organisms. In 2014, the Chinese standard ‘NY/T 2595-2014. Identification of soybean varieties. SSR marker method’ on the identification of soybean varieties by polymorphism of 36 SSR loci was approved. In Ukraine, there are no approved regulatory documents on the identification of crops using DNA markers, including soybeans. Therefore, the study of the level of diversity and differentiation capacity of SSR markers proposed in the standard NY/T 2595-2014 in soybean varieties common in Ukraine is of interest. Purpose. Study of polymorphism of nine SSR loci in nine soybean varieties and divergence between soybean varieties bred in different countries. Materials and Methods. Nine soybean varieties were used in the work. The variability of nine microsatellite loci specified in the standard NY/T 2595-2014 as the most polymorphic in soybean varieties was evaluated. Polymorphism of SSR loci was studied using polymerase chain reaction with detection of results in agarose gel. The level of polymorphism in soybean varieties was assessed using the Nei genetic diversity index. The classification of soybean varieties was carried out by the nearest neighbor joining method in the PHYLIP program. Results. It was found that the total level of polymorphism of the studied SSR loci in nine soybean varieties, estimated by the Nei index, was 0.57±0.04. According to the studied SSR loci, no identical varieties were found; the values of genetic distances between all varieties were above 0. The Ukrainian varieties Raiduha and Hospodynia were the most genetically related, and the most distant were pairs of varieties Yunka (Canada) and Ultra (USA), Raiduha (Ukraine) and Yunka (Canada), Hospodynia (Ukraine) and Commandor (France). It was established that the Ukrainian varieties of Raiduha and Hospodynia are more genetically distant from all other soybean varieties studied. European and North American soybean varieties were divided into 2 groups. No grouping of varieties according to geographical origin was found. Conclusions. A significant resolution of SSR loci in the investigated soybean varieties was shown. The obtained results can be effectively used to identify soybean varieties, determine the efficiency of artificial hybridization, determine genetic purity, as well as in drawing up hybridization schemes taking into account remote ecological and geographical combinations. Key words: DNA markers, microsatellite loci, molecular genetic diversity, genetic distances, divergence