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Nitric Acid, 1. Production
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Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1
Introduction
1.1
History
1.2
Resources of Raw Materials
1.3
Physical and Chemical Properties
1.3.1
Physical Properties
1.3.2
Chemical Properties
2
General Production Principles
2.1
Ammonia Oxidation Reactions
2.2
NO Oxidation and Dimerization
2.3
Absorption of Nitrogen Oxides and Formation of Nitric Acid
2.3.1
Mechanism
2.3.2
Quantitative Assessment
3
Processes
3.1
Weak Acid
3.1.1
Mono‐Pressure Processes
3.1.2
Dual‐Pressure Process
3.1.3
Process Comparison, Operating Figures
3.2
Azeotropic Acid, Chilled Absorption, Enhanced Absorption Techniques
3.3
Concentrated Acid
4
Equipment
4.1
Catalysts for Ammonia Oxidation (Primary Catalyst)
4.1.1
Platinum‐Group Metal Gauzes
4.1.2
Use of Non‐Noble Metal Catalysts
4.2
Nitric Acid Machine Train
4.2.1
Design Features of Machine Elements
4.2.1.1
Air Compressor/NO Compressor
4.2.1.2
Tail Gas Turbine
4.3
Burner and Waste Heat Boiler System
4.4
Cooler Condenser and Feedwater Preheater
4.5
Heat Exchangers
4.5.1
Tail Gas Heaters
4.5.2
Ammonia Evaporator
4.6
Absorption Towers
4.7
Bleaching Columns
4.8
Other (Filters, Mixers, Pumps)
4.8.1
Air Filtration
4.8.2
Ammonia Filtration
4.8.3
Ammonia Air and Ammonia Tail Gas Mixers
4.8.4
Pumps
4.9
Materials
4.9.1
Weak Nitric Acid Plants (<70 wt%)
4.9.2
Concentrated Nitric Acid Plants
List of Abbreviations
References
Title: Nitric Acid, 1. Production
Description:
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1
Introduction
1.
1
History
1.
2
Resources of Raw Materials
1.
3
Physical and Chemical Properties
1.
3.
1
Physical Properties
1.
3.
2
Chemical Properties
2
General Production Principles
2.
1
Ammonia Oxidation Reactions
2.
2
NO Oxidation and Dimerization
2.
3
Absorption of Nitrogen Oxides and Formation of Nitric Acid
2.
3.
1
Mechanism
2.
3.
2
Quantitative Assessment
3
Processes
3.
1
Weak Acid
3.
1.
1
Mono‐Pressure Processes
3.
1.
2
Dual‐Pressure Process
3.
1.
3
Process Comparison, Operating Figures
3.
2
Azeotropic Acid, Chilled Absorption, Enhanced Absorption Techniques
3.
3
Concentrated Acid
4
Equipment
4.
1
Catalysts for Ammonia Oxidation (Primary Catalyst)
4.
1.
1
Platinum‐Group Metal Gauzes
4.
1.
2
Use of Non‐Noble Metal Catalysts
4.
2
Nitric Acid Machine Train
4.
2.
1
Design Features of Machine Elements
4.
2.
1.
1
Air Compressor/NO Compressor
4.
2.
1.
2
Tail Gas Turbine
4.
3
Burner and Waste Heat Boiler System
4.
4
Cooler Condenser and Feedwater Preheater
4.
5
Heat Exchangers
4.
5.
1
Tail Gas Heaters
4.
5.
2
Ammonia Evaporator
4.
6
Absorption Towers
4.
7
Bleaching Columns
4.
8
Other (Filters, Mixers, Pumps)
4.
8.
1
Air Filtration
4.
8.
2
Ammonia Filtration
4.
8.
3
Ammonia Air and Ammonia Tail Gas Mixers
4.
8.
4
Pumps
4.
9
Materials
4.
9.
1
Weak Nitric Acid Plants (<70 wt%)
4.
9.
2
Concentrated Nitric Acid Plants
List of Abbreviations
References.
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