Development of Lactuca sativa Extract Transdermal Patches Using Carboxymethylated Locust Bean Gum

Introduction:: The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize CMLBG and formulate matrix-type transdermal patches of Lactuca sativa extract, followed by in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Methods:: CMLBG was prepared by alkaline carboxymethylation and confirmed by FTIR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Solvent casting was used to prepare transdermal patches and assess them based on physicochemical properties, drug content, moisture behavior, mechanical strength, and surface uniformity. The in-vitro permeation was characterized using an egg membrane, and release kinetics were modeled. Furosemide was used as a standard to determine in-vivo diuretic activity in albino rats. Results:: Spectroscopic observation indicated that the (CH2-COO) group was incorporated into LBG successfully. Formulations had a consistent thickness (0.3-0.5 mm), high folding endurance (>80), and a consistent drug concentration (96.7-99.8%). The moisture content and uptake values were satisfactory. Patches containing CMLBG had an improved in-vitro release, and formulation F6 had the maximum cumulative release of 47.36% at 300 min. The drug release followed Super Case-II transport kinetics. In vivo results showed that both Lactuca sativa extract patches and CMLBG-furosemide patches produced significant diuretic activity compared to the control. Urine output after 5 hours (6.25 ± 0.2 ml and 7.2 ± 0.23 ml) was slightly lower than oral furosemide (8.56 ± 0.25 ml), indicating good therapeutic potential of the transdermal patches. Discussion:: The combined outcomes favor the possibility of transdermal patches of Lactuca sativa as a formulation of chemically treated natural polymers, aimed at controlled, long-term release and a diuretic effect. The data further indicate that when used in a transdermal form, herbal diuretics may offer a therapeutic advantage. Conclusion:: Lactuca sativa extract was successfully delivered via CMLBG-based transdermal patches, which showed controlled release, increased permeation, and protracted diuretic activity.