Association of Retinal Microangiopathy with Albuminuria in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Meta-analysis Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer renal and cardiovascular problems and early death. In 2016, 13.4% of all ages globally had CKD. Kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension have a microvascular component. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) commonly occur concurrently, indicating that the same mechanisms may be at action in the eyes and kidneys. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a tough medical problem because of late signs and late treatment. Retinal vessels are a non-invasive technique to examine systemic microvasculature. Novel predictors may enhance microvascular disease risk categorization, leading to better therapy. Retinal vascular diameter and retinopathy are reported most often. Numerous investigations have linked this condition to kidney or other systemic disorders. The retinal microvasculature was linked with both the incidence and prevalence of renal illness in this investigation. We wanted to determine whether retinal microvasculature might be utilized to diagnose renal disease. Methods: Initial searching found 625 papers, of which 542 articles were rejected due to primary screening unrelated titles and/or abstracts. There were a total of 81 papers selected for full-text evaluation and due to insufficient data provided and duplication, we got 5 papers to enter the next step. Results: In five investigations, retinal microvascular symptoms correlated with albuminuria. All studies connected retinal vascular diameter with albuminuria. As a categorical variable, CRAE narrowed. There was a U-shaped relationship between CRAE and albuminuria in quintiles 1 and 5. There were relationship between albuminuria to a larger CRVE and a narrower CRAE. Studies relate AVR to albuminuria were associated as well. Conclusion: Our investigation demonstrated retinal vascular symptoms are linked to renal illness. Retinopathy correlates with CKD and ESRD in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Evidence linking retinal vascular width to early renal disease implies fundus photography might be a useful screening technique for CKD patients. Insufficient evidence links retinal vascular diameter to kidney-related morbidity and death. Future studies should stratify by age, gender, obesity, hypertension, ethnicity, and others.