MODELING AND FEATURES OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE LENS (ISLAND) PERMAFROST

The article discusses the processes of soil pollution by oil hydrocarbons in conditions of lens and permafrost. The authors use the methods of mathematical modeling, methods of experimental observations, comparative analysis. The risks of leaks and spills of oil hydrocarbons are indicated as an extremely important issue requiring study using various methods. Brief reviews of the results of studies of soil pollution by oil hydrocarbons are given. A brief analysis of the dynamics of soil pollution by oil hydrocarbons is presented. A hypothesis has been put forward that, when stability is disturbed in lens permafrost, the dynamics of pollutant distribution differs significantly from the dynamics of their distribution under normal conditions. Photographs, drawings, schemes of the distribution of pollutants within the lens and permafrost formations are given. The results of the initial modeling of the spreading of oil hydrocarbons within permafrost lens formations are presented. The process of modeling soil pollution with oil products in conditions of lens permafrost is divided into two stages: the primary modeling of pollution of the permafrost lens itself and the model of the secondary process, when pollutants bypass lens permafrost in the process of diffusion and enter non-frozen soil. The model involves the calculation of areas – pollution halos, as well as the calculation of the surface concentration of pollutants in them. It is concluded that the composition of oil sludge formed with the participation of pollutants is determined by many factors – climatic, physical and chemical, characteristics and composition of the soil. It is concluded that, due to climatic conditions and the state of island (lens) permafrost, the pollution process can differ significantly in dynamics.