Energy simulation modelling for water-energy-food nexus system: A systematic review

Abstract Recently, research literature and policy settings have increasingly emphasized the necessity of water-energy-food (WEF) interaction to evaluate a nexus system thoroughly and, as a result, make comprehensive decisions. This study thoroughly evaluated energy subsystem simulations, focusing on the role of energy within the WEF nexus system. The energy model using the WEF nexus approach, on the other hand, has not yet been reviewed. Multidimensional insights will be provided for the proper usage of energy models in the context of the WEF nexus model through examinations of energy subsystem simulation models inside the WEF nexus approach from previous research. This study provides a systematic review of 459 articles regarding energy simulation modelling issues relating to the WEF nexus system. The energy subsystem simulation in the WEF nexus system is modelled in both online (one-way) and offline modes (Two-way). The review highlighted that the energy simulation in the WEF nexus system simulation struggles to represent its system boundary compatible with the water and food subsystems. Additionally, the return flow from cooling towers and energy consumption of different crops did not address comprehensively to make a holistic decision within the WEF nexus system.