Ovarian and Uterine Responses to Ubiaja Geophagic Clay in Pregnant Wistar Rats

There is a common perception that engaging in geophagy during pregnancy may alleviate symptoms such as morning sickness and provide essential nutrients, potentially improving maternal and fetal health outcomes. Although geophagic clay contains beneficial micronutrients, it can also inhibit the absorption of other essential elements and may introduce harmful microorganisms or heavy metals, thereby posing risks to reproductive health. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to investigate the reproductive effects of ovarian and uterine responses to ingesting Ubiaja Geophagic clay by Pregnant Wistar Rats using appropriate standard procedures to evaluate body weight; oxidative stress markers, hormone profiles, and histological features were assessed to determine the effects. The findings revealed that Ubiaja clay consumption significantly altered uterine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p < 0.05). In contrast, ovarian oxidative stress indicators (MDA, CAT, and SOD) did not vary considerably from the control group (p > 0.05). Histological evaluations showed enhanced follicle development in the ovaries, while hormonal assays suggested favorable changes in endocrine function. Despite some beneficial ovarian effects at 500 mg/kg, increased oxidative stress was observed in the uterus of treated rats in the groups administered higher doses. Conclusively, Ubiaja geophagic clay positively impacted the ovaries; however, markers of oxidative stress were elevated in the uterus of pregnant rats.