Bibliometric analysis of research on land fallow in cropping systems: Measures to enhance food security and sustainability

Fallow land practices are crucial for ensuring food security through the intersection of crop productivity, technological advancements, and sustainable environmental practices. We examined global trends and research activities related to fallow in cropping systems (FCS) by analyzing research publications from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the bibliometric R-package, and VOS viewer software. Research hotspots were identified based on keywords and prolific research titles spanning over three decades (1990 to 2023). Key research themes in FCS-related studies include governmental policies on land use, fallow efficiency, duration, fallow management, climate change, tillage management, and farmers’ perceptions of fallow land. Most FCS-related research is conducted in developed countries with established land fallow policies while developing countries are underrepresented. There is a lack of clarity and adequacy in land fallow research. The current trend is towards adopting improved fallow systems to enhance food security, climate change mitigation, and adaptation globally. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of fallow systems, serving as a scientific reference for researchers and policymakers.