Intelligent Coordination of Collision Avoidance and Composite Anti-Lock Braking Systems for Stability Enhancement and Regenerative Energy Optimization in Electric Vehicles

This study introduces an intelligent coordination framework which combines a Collision Avoidance System (CAS), Composite Anti-Lock Braking System (CABS), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), and Regenerative Braking System (RBS) to improve the safety, stability and energy efficiency of an Electric Vehicle. The proposed system utilizes the multi-sensor fusion, adaptive braking control, and intelligent decision making to achieve optimal braking performance in both normal and emergency driving conditions. The results of simulations indicated that the ABS controller kept the wheel slip ratio in the optimum range (0.15–0.18), which was beneficial for preventing wheel lock and ensuring stable braking. The vehicle slowed down from 25 m/s to 0 m/s in about 6.6 s and had a safe clearance of 8 m from obstacles. Regenerative braking raised the battery SoC from 0.7000 to 0.70152, recovering almost 116 kJ of energy. The Time-to-Collision after intervention was approximately 74 s, which signified good collision avoidance. The results show that the proposed integrated braking strategy enhances the braking safety, vehicle stability, collision avoidance and rejuvenation of the regenerative energy in modern electric vehicles.