Dual-Task Performance Outcomes Following Speed-Modulated Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease

Objective: To determine dual-task performance outcomes following speed-modulated treadmill exercise in Parkinson’s disease. Methodology: The investigation was conducted as a randomized clinical trial. Participants were recruited using non-probability convenience sampling and were then arbitrarily allocated to the experimental and control group using a lottery method. The moderate speed treadmill group engaged in an 8-week exercise program at a moderate speed (3 to 6 km/h) for 30 minutes twice a week, incorporating strengthening, flexibility, and range of motion exercises. Conversely, the slow pace treadmill group participated in an 8-week exercise regimen at a slow speed (1 to 2 km/h) for 30 minutes, alongside physiotherapy sessions, also two times per week. Assessments using the Berg balance scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III), and dual-task testing took place at the beginning and the end of the 8-week period. Analysis of data was performed through SPSS 25. Results:  Within-group analysis showed better score in the balance and dual tasking outcomes for both the moderate and slow speed treadmill training groups. The moderate speed group exhibited improvements across all measures, while the slow speed group also showed progress, though with varying degrees of change. For between-group comparisons, the BBS scores were higher in the moderate speed treadmill training group compared to the slow speed group. Similarly, UPDRS-III scores indicated differences between the groups, with the moderate speed group showing a distinct trend. In the dual-task test, performance outcomes varied between the two groups, with notable differences observed in task execution efficiency. Conclusion: Speed-dependent treadmill training improved dual-task performance in Parkinson's patients. Moderate-speed training was more effective in enhancing motor function and dual-tasking abilities, while slow-speed training provides greater improvement in balance.